ENGINEERING ECONOMY & GEO-RESOURCE EVALUATION AND INVESTMENT ANALYSIS Term Paper

Building ECONOMY and GEO-RESOURCE EVALUATION AND INVESTMENT ANALYSIS - Term Paper Example Feature of the occasions in the stock versus ware diagram 8.4. Clarification of every one of the 10 key occasions 9. Rundown 10. Ends 1. Dynamic (outline of the report) This venture is tied in with revealing the presentation of a company’s occasions versus its variety in stock worth. It contemplates ten key occasions in Exxon Mobil, which is the organization of decision. This investigation is done through the historical backdrop of Exxon Mobil, featuring the ten occasions and afterward narrowing down into five of the occasions (Coll, 2012). The occasions are about the significant administration of the Economy of the organization and the conduct of the organization stock in the financial exchange. The report will finish into information examination in which it will show the estimations of the stock discovered during the semester. It will have the incorporation of the conversation supporting this example of conduct of the stock cost during a similar period and in the earlier yea r. 3. Presentation Exxon Mobil Oil Company is the biggest among the significant oil organizations vertically coordinated in the New York Stock Exchange. Its stock is the second best in the worldwide area and consequently it is the second biggest income benefactor in the locale. In the year 2010, Exxon Mobil created all out income of 30.50 billion US Dollars, developing by 57 percent from the earlier year 2009 (Okada and Adelman, 2012). Its Stock Exchange name is XOM. ExxonMobil is an assortment of six worldwide significant oil-exchanging associations, which oils investigation, creation, processing plant and deals of gas and oil. The six organizations in the gathering incorporate ChevronTexaco, Royal Dutch Shell, BP, ConocoPhillips and Total. ExxonMobil has been predictable in its creation of the biggest income returns on contributed capital and salary. In 2009, it created rate of profitability of 63% (Russell and Angel, 2011). It broadens its incomes and keeps on growing by presenti ng its gaseous petrol limit. It does this through the securing of shale stores, investigation of oil sands expanding its geological inclusion. Despite the fact that ExxonMobil has every one of these qualities, its exhibition is exceptionally dictated by the market execution and the choices by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). OPEC controls the oil costs of all oil exchanging nations by keeping the base (40%) of oil unrefined petroleum stock in the entire world (Okada and Adelman, 2012). It is likewise influenced by the ecological components influencing the creation of gaseous petrol and oil. Its topographical inclusion is additionally over the top expensive to make and keep up. Different components incorporate dangers from elective vitality flexibly including bio-energizes. 3.1. History and Background of the organization In 2010, ExxonMobil created income of 30.5 billion US Dollars, which was an expansion of 57% from the earlier year 2009. The sensational increme nt was a result of the huge raw petroleum gracefully and the acknowledgment of flammable gas. Furthermore, ExxonMobil recorded a capital of 32.2 billion US Dollars including investigation costs. It dispersed in excess of 19 billion US Dollars to its investors in type of profits and repurchase of offers. Toward the year's end 2010, ExxonMobil had a save base of oil of 24.8 billion barrels. It had upstream income of 75.1 percent. This section was engaged with the E and P program (Exploration and Production). The all out income from gas and oil in 2010 was 24.1 billion US Dollars (Coll, 2012). Around the same time, it had a downstream winning of 11.1 percent. The downstream fragment was utilized in the treatment facility and promoting of gaseous petrol just as oil. It earned an aggregate of 3.6 billion US

The Positive Impact of Technology on Education Essays -- Teaching Educ

The Positive Impact of Technology on Education Today, innovation is found wherever in education.There are PCs in a significant number of the study halls and schools contain PC labs, or if nothing else various PCs in the library accessible to understudies. In my paper, I need to examine a portion of the positive and negative impacts that innovation has on training. All through my tutoring, I’ve seen innovation experience various phases of significance in education.When I was in basic, I saw perhaps one PC in the entire school.Moving to center school, every study hall had around two PCs for understudies to use.The library had a little PC lab where PC classes were held and understudies could join to utilize them.High school comprised of PCs in each classroom.The science and material science room had a little PC lab, the library had a lab of around 30 PCs, and we had a PC lab down the lobby as well.I as of late returned a visit to my grade school and was astounded at the progressions that had occurred, all technological.The library was transformed into a fu...

Sentence Structure Mistakes Youll Never Make Again

Sentence Structure Mistakes Youll Never Make Again Do you sometimes wonder why your editor moves words around, rephrases your sentences or adds/deletes words? The goal is to place your words and/or phrases, and in some instances Replace words and/or phrases, so that there can be no misunderstanding on the part of your reader as to your message.Sentence structure is the backbone of your paper, letter, story, email, script or any other written communication. If you are aware of the following missteps and vigilant about watching out for them, your writing will become clearer and better understood by your readers.Placement of sentence partsIf even one word is placed in the wrong position in a sentence, the meaning of that sentence can be changed dramatically. Re-read every sentence as if it were the only sentence you were writing, and focus on whether the meaning of each sentence is completely clear.ExamplesONLY you have paid $60 for the concert tickets. (You alone have paid $60.)You have ONLY paid $60 for the concert tickets. (You paid the $60 and nothing more.)You have paid ONLY $60 for the concert tickets. (You got a deal on the concert tickets.)You should AT LEAST try to get 10 concert tickets. (You should attempt to get 10 tickets.)You should try to get AT LEAST 10 concert tickets. (You should get a minimum of 10 tickets.)Parallel constructionTo help your reader identify and recognize the similarity of ideas in a sentence, make sure that ideas of equal value are expressed in the same form. This applies most often to lists within sentences, bullet-point copy, and complex sentences. To check parallel construction in your writing, read each element separately and determine if they are expressed in the same way.ExamplesWrong: The best things about a concert are the band, sound and the lighting.Right: The best things about a concert are the band, the sound and the lighting.Wrong: The three things I like most about a concert are: (1) hearing the loud music, (2) to see the pyrotechnics, and (3) to yell loud enough to get the band to do an encore.Right: The three things I like most about a concert are: (1) hearing the loud music, (2) seeing the pyrotechnics, and (3) yelling loud enough to get the band to do an encore.Wrong: You could inform the class about the concert either by making a telephone call or send an email.Right: You could inform the class about the concert either by making a telephone call or sending an email.Complete comparisonWhen making a comparison within a sentence, make sure you supply all the words necessary to complete the comparative thought so that your reader doesnt have to assume facts that are not in evidence.ExamplesWrong: She sings louder.Right: She sings louder than anyone else in the band.Wrong: This concert was much better.Right: This concert was much better than the one in January.Pronoun referenceMy personal pet peeve is the misuse of pronouns. Remember that pronouns take the place of persons, places or things, and they must agree with the persons, places or thin gs to which they refer. Your reader should not have to re-read the sentence to determine the person, place or thing to which the pronoun refers. Again, read each of your sentences for clarity, asking yourself whether your reader might be confused with your pronoun reference, and rewriting when necessary.ExamplesWrong: I enjoy concerts because you get to hear great music.Right: I enjoy concerts because I get to hear great music.Wrong: After James spoke to Alan, he wanted to go, too. (Does he refer to James or Alan?)Right: Alan decided he wanted to go, too, after he spoke with James.Wrong: Everyone should get their autographs after the concert. (Everyone is singular; their is plural.)Right: All concert-goers should get their autographs after the concert.Wrong: Someone left their program in their seat. (Someone is singular; their is plural.)Right: A program was left in someones seat.Positioning words and phrases for emphasisPlacing emphasis on certain words or phrases by placing them a t the beginning or end of a sentence is a technique used to focus your readers attention on certain ideas, opinions or facts.ExampleEmphasis 1: Based on the audience response, the first band rocked the house. (Emphasis is on the audience.)Emphasis 2: The first band rocked the house, based on the audience response. (Emphasis is on the band.)Emphasis 1: Once the concert had ended and the students had gone outside, they saw the star of the show signing autographs. (Emphasis on the end of the concert; autographs by the star is secondary.)Emphasis 2: The students saw the star of the show signing autographs outside once the concert had ended. (Emphasis on the exciting prospect of getting an autograph.)As a general rule, always read every sentence you write from your readers viewpoint, to ensure that words and thoughts are connected in proper relationships so that there is no chance for misunderstanding. Whereas you are intimately familiar with your subject matter, your reader is presumabl y reading your message for the first time and is looking forward to reading your paper smoothly without confusion or the need to re-read for clarity. Sentence coherence is successfully achieved when all the sentence parts are correctly related, and you proceed positively toward the goal of making the sentence clear and easily understood.

Israeli-Palestinian Water Rights - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1827 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The Israeli-Palestinian bilateral negotiations in the 1990s resulted in three signed agreements that related, inter alia, to water: the Declaration of Principles of September 1993; the Cairo Agreement of May 1994 (Oslo I); and the Interim Agreement of September 1995 (Oslo II).[1] Oslo II included Article 40 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Water and Sewage.[2] These agreements, like all agreements relating to the Oslo process were in favor of Israel and in prejudice to all Palestinian rights, including water rights. First, they neglected the Palestinian water rights in the Jordan River which is a trans-boundary river,[3] and were geographically limited to only those parts of the Mountain Aquifer that underlie the West Bank, while the other water resources in the OPT remained under unilateral Israeli management.[4] Second, the agreements were about the Palestinian use of water inside the West Bank and gave Israel the veto over any water development projects through the Joint Wat er Committee (JWC),[5] which was established according to the Oslo II to implement the agreement and govern management of aquifers shared by Israel and Palestinians.[6] Third, although they recognized the Palestinian water rights, the terms were broad and there was no elaboration on the nature of these rights or the principles governing the rights and obligations of both sides.[7] While Israel has in principle recognized Palestinian water rights, its conduct suggests otherwise, and the Oslo Accords did not result in greater access for the Palestinians to the water resources of the OPT.[8] The agreements stipulated that Israel would provide an additional 70-80 MCM/Y in order to satisfy future Palestinian needs.[9] However, of this quantity which was supposed to be provided by Israel, only 28.6 MCM/Y has been received by Palestinians, who were allowed to extract this quantity from the eastern aquifer over which Israel has no claim.[10] In fact, Palestinian water supplies have dropp ed from 118 MCM/Y prior to the Oslo Accords to 98 MCM/Y in 2010.[11] Water is inherent in each issue to be discussed in the permanent status negotiations, which were supposed to be completed by May 1999, be it borders, settlements, Jerusalem or the viability of the Palestinian state.[12] The Oslo process did not come close to fulfilling Palestinian water rights and needs or meeting the Palestinian call for the implementation of international law to solve such a dispute.[13] They even perpetuated Israels control over water resources in the OPT. . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Israeli-Palestinian Water Rights" essay for you Create order 2.2.1. The Role of the JWC Under article 40 of Oslo II, which pertains to water and sewage management in the West Bank, any water project implemented in the West Bank must receive prior unanimous approval from the Joint Water Committee (JWC), which comprises representatives of both the Israeli Water Authority and the Palestinian Authority (PA).[14] The JWCs role is to implement Article 40, including water allocation and project appraisal, but only in the West Bank.[15] The PA must obtain the JWCs consent even for projects responding to emergency water needs.[16] Israel, through the JWC, not only refuses projects on a technical level but also uses its power of veto as a political bargaining chip.[17] In order to avoid the Israelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s veto, the PA must often compromise its core principles and long-term interests.[18] When seeking to acquire approval for projects that are necessary to mitigate ongoing and imminent humanitarian crises, the PA must frequently agree to service illegal Israeli sett lements in the West Bank.[19] For instance, in 1998, the Palestinian Water Authority received funding from KfW (the German government-owned development bank) to build a wastewater treatment plant in the Salfit Governorate.[20] The JWC made approval of the project conditional upon connecting the largest West Bank settlement, Ariel, to the treatment plant.[21] The Palestinian Water Authority rejected any act recognizing settlements, so the project was frozen and the donor withdrew.[22] Israel has frustrated Palestinian water sector development in the West Bank through its de facto veto authority over all West Bank water projects by the JWC and the Civil Administration.[23] Whilst theoretically Israelis and Palestinians are given equal rights and responsibilities under the JWC, the JWC de facto discriminates against Palestinians.[24] This is primarily because the Palestinians are the party that needs major infrastructure development in the water and sanitation sector that has been b adly neglected by the occupation authorities since 1967.[25] As of July 2008, 145 Palestinian projects were pending the JWCs approval, including projects to rehabilitate old water supply networks, build new pipelines to connect communities un-served by the water network, and build cisterns for rainwater harvesting.[26] All proposed water projects in the West Bank must receive approval from the Israeli representatives in the JWC, while there is no analogous check on projects proposed by Israeli authorities within that countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own borders or inside the West Bank although article 40 requires Israeli authorities and settlements in the West Bank to obtain prior approval from the JWC.[27] In addition, the absence of a dispute resolution mechanism leaves the Palestinians without recourse to challenge JWCs rejection of their proposals.[28] Israels control of extraction of water from the shared aquifers is not limited to its veto power in the JWC over new drillings.[29] In addition to receiving the JWCs approval, all proposed water projects that could impact Area C (a geographic region encompassing roughly sixty percent of the West Bank which is under full Israeli control according to the Oslo Accords) must obtain the Israeli Civil Administrations approval.[30] Obtaining the Civil Administrations approval entails a lengthy and protracted bureaucratic process and many Palestinian applications are rejected.[31] In many cases, project proposals receive approval from the JWC, but they are rejected by the Civil Administration as presenting a security risk, among other reasons.[32] Even if the Civil Administration agrees to authorize a proposal, it may require certain modifications of the original plan, which the PA must then re-submit for approval by the JWC.[33] When projects may ultimately win approval from both the JWC and Civil Administration, the lengthy process and procedural barriers obstruct and delay development of the Palestinian water sector in the West Bank.[34] Of the 236 projects overall approved by the JWC 1996-2008, 151 have been implemented.[35] Israel wants the JWC to continue as a permanent institution. It wants to force the Palestinians through the JWCs measures to reduce agricultural water, to stop drilling additional wells, and not to impact the current Israeli utilization of water.[36] In conclusion, the mechanism created by Oslo II in the form of the JWC has perpetuated Israels exclusive control over the water resources of the West Bank, and limited Palestinian access and ability to develop new water projects.[37] In reality, the Oslo II water regime maintained of Israelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s exclusive control over e water resources in the OPT.[38] The Palestinians are systematically denied building and/or drilling permits for water structures, while Mekorot is allowed to drill into water sources in a manner that dries out existing wells that serve the Palestinian population.[39] [1] BTselem, Thirsty For A Solution The Water Crisis In The Occupied Territories And Its Resolution In The Final-Status Agreement (2000) 51. [2] Al Haq, Water for One People: Discriminatory Access and Water Apartheid in the OPT (2013)35. [3] Amjad Aliewi, Management Aspects of Transboundary Waters between Palestinians and Israel (House of Water and Environment 2008) 1 [4] Al Haq, Water for One People: Discriminatory Access and Water Apartheid in the OPT (2013)36. [5] Amjad Aliewi, Management Aspects of Transboundary Waters Between Palestinians And Israel (House of Water and Environment 2008) 1. [6] Jeffrey D. Stein, Waging Waterfare: Israel, Palestinians, and the Need for a New Hydro-Logic to Govern Water Rights under Occupation (2011) 44 NYU International Law and Politics, 181. [7] Elizabeth G Matthews, The Israel-Palestine Conflict (Routledge 2011) 128. [8] Al Haq, Water for One People: Discriminatory Access and Water Apartheid in the OPT (2013) 36 [9] D avid B Brooks and Ozay Mehmet, Water Balances in the Eastern Mediterranean (IDRC 2000) 79. [10] David B Brooks and Ozay Mehmet, Water Balances in the Eastern Mediterranean (IDRC 2000) 79. [11] Al Haq, Water for One People: Discriminatory Access and Water Apartheid in the OPT (2013) 36. [12] Elizabeth G Matthews, The Israel-Palestine Conflict (Routledge 2011) 129. [13] Elizabeth G Matthews, The Israel-Palestine Conflict (Routledge 2011) 130. [14] Jeffrey D. Stein, Waging Waterfare: Israel, Palestinians, and the Need for a New Hydro-Logic to Govern Water Rights under Occupation (2011) 44 NYU International Law and Politics, 181. [15] World Bank, Assessment of and Restrictions on Palestinian Water Sector Development (2009) 51. [16] Jeffrey D. Stein, Waging Waterfare: Israel, Palestinians, and the Need for a New Hydro-Logic to Govern Water Rights under Occupation (2011) 44 NYU International Law and Politics, 181. [17] Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, Polici es of Denial: Lack of Access to Water in the West Bank (2008) 22. [18] Jeffrey D. Stein, Waging Waterfare: Israel, Palestinians, and the Need for a New Hydro-Logic to Govern Water Rights under Occupation (2011) 44 NYU International Law and Politics, 181. [19] Jeffrey D. Stein, Waging Waterfare: Israel, Palestinians, and the Need for a New Hydro-Logic to Govern Water Rights under Occupation (2011) 44 NYU International Law and Politics, 181. [20] Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, Policies of Denial: Lack of Access to Water in the West Bank (2008) 22. [21] Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, Policies of Denial: Lack of Access to Water in the West Bank (2008) 22 [22] World Bank, Assessment of and Restrictions on Palestinian Water Sector Development (2009) 41. [23] Jeffrey D. Stein, Waging Waterfare: Israel, Palestinians, and the Need for a New Hydro-Logic to Govern Water Rights under Occupation (2011) 44 NYU International Law and Politics, 181. [24] Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, Policies of Denial: Lack of Access to Water in the West Bank (2008) 21. [25] Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, Policies of Denial: Lack of Access to Water in the West Bank (2008) 21-22. [26] Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, Policies of Denial: Lack of Access to Water in the West Bank (2008)22. [27] Jeffrey D. Stein, Waging Waterfare: Israel, Palestinians, and the Need for a New Hydro-Logic to Govern Water Rights under Occupation (2011) 44 NYU International Law and Politics, 182. [28] Centre on Housing Rights and Evictions, Policies of Denial: Lack of Access to Water in the West Bank (2008) 22. [29] BTselem, Thirsty For A Solution: The Water Crisis in the Occupied Territories and Its Resolution in the Final-Status Agreement (2000) 33. [30] Jeffrey D. Stein, Waging Waterfare: Israel, Palestinians, and the Need for a New Hydro-Logic to Govern Water Rights under Occupation (2011) 44 NYU International Law and Politics, 182. [31] BTselem, Thirsty For A Solution: The Water Crisis in the Occupied Territories and Its Resolution in the Final-Status Agreement (2000) 33. [32] Jeffrey D. Stein, Waging Waterfare: Israel, Palestinians, and the Need for a New Hydro-Logic to Govern Water Rights under Occupation (2011) 44 NYU International Law and Politics, 182. [33] Jeffrey D. Stein, Waging Waterfare: Israel, Palestinians, and the Need for a New Hydro-Logic to Govern Water Rights under Occupation (2011) 44 NYU International Law and Politics, 182. [34] Jeffrey D. Stein, Waging Waterfare: Israel, Palestinians, and the Need for a New Hydro-Logic to Govern Water Rights under Occupation (2011) 44 NYU International Law and Politics, 182. [35] World Bank, Assessment of and Restrictions on Palestinian Water Sector Development (2009) 52. [36] Hillel Shuval and Hassan Dweik, Water Resources In The Middle East (Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007)27. [37] Malvina Khoury, Construction and Rehabilitati on of Water Sources in Area C: An Overview of the Applicable Legal and Permit Regime (Norwegian Refugee Council 2013) 10. [38] Al Haq, Water for One People: Discriminatory Access and Water Apartheid in the OPT (2013) 17. [39] Malvina Khoury, Construction and Rehabilitation of Water Sources in Area C: An Overview of the Applicable Legal and Permit Regime (Norwegian Refugee Council 2013) 10.

Assignment on Industrial Relations, Bangladesh - 1076 Words

Executive Summary: Industrial relations is used to denote the collective relationships between management and the workers. Traditionally, the term industrial relations is used to cover such aspects of industrial life as trade unionism, collective bargaining, workers’ participation in management, discipline and grievance handling, industrial disputes and interpretation of labor laws and rules and code of conduct. The term industrial relations explain the relationship between employees and management which stem directly or indirectly from union-employer relationship. â€Å"Theoretical Framework† According to NCL (The National Commission on Labor), industrial relations affect not merely the interests of the two participants-†¦show more content†¦The causes of industrial disputes can be broadly classified into two categories: economic and non-economic causes. The economic causes will include issues relating to compensation like wages, bonus, allowances, and conditions for work, working hours, leave and holidays without pay, unjust layoffs and retrenchments. The non economic factors will include victimization of workers, ill treatment by staff members, sympathetic strikes, political factors, indiscipline etc. Wages and allowances: Since the cost of living index is increasing, workers generally bargain for higher wages to meet the rising cost of living index and to increase their standards of living. Personnel and retrenchment: The personnel and retrenchment have also been an important factor which accounted for disputes. Indiscipline and violence: It is evident that the number of disputes caused by indiscipline. Bonus: Bonus has always been an important factor in industrial disputes. Leave and working hours: Leaves and working hours have not been so important causes of industrial disputes. Miscellaneous: The miscellaneous factors include:- - Inter/Intra Union Rivalry - Charter of Demands - Work Load - Standing orders/rules/service conditions/safety measures - Non-implementation of agreements and awards etc. â€Å"Recommendation† There is a proverb, â€Å"Prevention is better than cure†.Show MoreRelatedEntrepreneurial Difficulties in Bangladesh1181 Words   |  5 Pages5/4/2013 5/4/2013 NAFIS IRTIZA, 1030711530 mGT 368, SECTION#2, NSU NAFIS IRTIZA, 1030711530 mGT 368, SECTION#2, NSU ASSIGNMENT ENTREPRENEURIAL DIFFICULTIES IN BANGLADESH ASSIGNMENT ENTREPRENEURIAL DIFFICULTIES IN BANGLADESH ABSTRACT Bangladesh is a developing nation with a lot of constraints and difficulties for entrepreneurs. One of the primary difficulties that entrepreneurs face is raising capital. 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The Global Fast-Food Industry Free Essays

Colonel Harland Sanders signed up his first franchise in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1952. In 1956 he sold the Corbin, Ky. restaurant he owned, and began traveling across the United States to sell new franchises. We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Fast-Food Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Later that year he sold his first international franchise in Canada. By 1960 there were more than 200 Colonel Sanders Recipe Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) outlets. In 1963 revenues were over $500 million and the number of outlets had increased to over 300. In 1974 at the age of 74, he sold the business to Jack Massey and John Brown for $2 million, one of the great bargains in business history. The Colonel stayed on with the company in a ceremonial role, often helping to open new franchises. Brown and Massey grew the business throughout the United States over the next several years and in 1966 took the company public, listing it on the New York Stock Exchange and the Colonel was allowed to purchase the first 100 shares. The year 1969 was a crucial one in the history of the company with the first major penetration into international markets outside North America by acquiring franchises in England and Japan. By 1971, there were more than 2400 franchises and 600 company-owned restaurants spread throughout the United States and 47 other countries. 1971 became another key year in company history with the sale of KFC to Heublein. This was Heublein†s first significant entry into the restaurant business and it did not go smoothly. By 1977 restaurant quality had declined and the Colonel was upset. Only about 20 new restaurants were being opened per year. In response, Heublein implemented a new strategy emphasizing clean restaurants, product consistency across franchises and better service. Old franchise buildings were remodeled. In 1982 R. J. Reynolds Inc. (RJR), in an attempt to diversify beyond the tobacco business, acquired Heublein for $1.2 billion. KFC was profitable and growing again, but Colonel Sanders never saw the end result of Heublein†s strategy in the late 1970†³s, because he died in 1980. RJR continued to run KFC as an autonomous business for several years. In 1985 it acquired Nabisco and in 1986, in preparation for the subsequent move to take RJR Nabisco private, it sold KFC to PepsiCo Inc. for $840 million, over the objections of former Heublein chairman, Stuart Watson. Also this year the Colonel Sanders Technical Center in Louisville, Kentucky was established. The acquisition by PepsiCo was a significant turning point in the company†s history. In previous acquisitions by Heublein and RJR, KFC had been operated as a separate entity, although in different ways. Heublein tried to use its own managers to operate KFC, while RJR adopted a completely hands off approach. PepsiCo was looking to the acquisition of KFC to create some synergy within its other operations. Recently restructured into three major divisions, soft drink, snack foods and restaurants, PepsiCo could cross-pollinate between divisions, for instance by selling its soft drinks in restaurants. PepsiCo†s culture was also much different than KFC. PepsiCo placed a strong emphasis on employee performance, while KFC†s culture was more laid-back in the southern tradition. In 1991 a change was made that was to have unintended consequences. Kentucky Fried Chicken decided to change their name to KFC for several reasons, according to the web site Snopes.com, A move to de-emphasize â€Å"chicken† because KFC planned to offer a varied menu that included other types of food. (The Boston Chicken corporation took the same approach for the same reason, changing their name of their retail food outlets to Boston Market.) A desire to eliminate the word â€Å"fried,† which has negative connotations to the increasingly health-conscious consumer market. A recent trend towards the abbreviation of long commercial titles, as demonstrated by other companies’ employing shortened forms of their names, such as The International House of Pancakes (IHOP) and Howard Johnson’s (HoJo). As a result of this name change, rumors later began circulating throughout the internet that the government had forced KFC to change its name because it was no longer using chickens. According to the rumor, KFC was producing a genetically altered chicken with more than the normal amount of appendages. In spite of the fact that some of these claims, such as chickens without beaks, feathers or feet, are beyond scientific capabilities, the rumors have persisted. Over the next several years, KFC continued to prosper and undergo changes. It refocused its strategy to increase the traffic in individual franchises by expanding the menu to appeal to a larger group of consumers. In 1993 the company added non-fried chicken to menus in the U.S. and Australia, and in 1994 KFC officially opened its 9,000th restaurant in the world, in Shanghai, China, and announced a $200 million investment over the next four years for 200 restaurants in 48 Chinese cities. 1995 saw the introduction of Colonel’s Crispy Strips and Chunky Chicken Pot Pie. The first KFC restaurant in Moscow was opened. In 1996 KFC introduced Tender Roast chicken pieces and brought back one of the world’s most recognized packages, the bucket, and in 1997 the company introduced Honey BBQ-flavored Tender Roast, Spicy Buffalo Crispy Strips and Chicken Twister, which are wrapped up chicken and vegetables. In spite of all these innovations and improvements, PepsiCo had become increasingly unhappy with the restaurant division. Aging facilities were requiring much of the parent company†s revenue to be spent on remodeling restaurants and thereby neglecting investment in the soft drink and snack food businesses. In an attempt to return to its roots, PepsiCo spun off the entire restaurant division into a publicly traded company, Tricon Global Restaurants in October 1997. In May 2002, with the acquisition of AW and Long John Silver’s, Tricon changed its name to Yum!. One of the main strategic issues presented in this case is the question of whether or not KFC should continue to expand globally and where. Since the early days of its inception, KFC has been involved outside the United States, having expanded to Canada in 1956 and then in a major move in 1969, to Japan and England. As of 2000, of the thirty-five largest fast-food chains, KFC was second only to McDonalds in the number countries penetrated. It is an arena where KFC has had enormous success and should continue to be involved. As of 2001 KFC had more than 500 outlets in China compared to only about 400 for McDonald†s. KFC beat McDonald†s to China by five years, opening their first outlet in Beijing in 1987. Market surveys in China by AC Nielson have indicated a preference for KFC over McDonald†s, both in terms of products and the outlets themselves. In addition, the Chinese have cultural bias in favor of chicken over beef. This is certainly an area where KFC should continue to exploit its advantage. Latin America is another global area where KFC has a strong presence. In the Central American, Caribbean and Mexican area, KFC is very competitive with McDonald†s and Burger King in terms of number of outlets. It has a particularly strong presence in Mexico and the Caribbean. Only in the Southern part of Latin America does KFC fall sharply behind McDonald†s. With the advent of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) the environment has changed in Mexico. A helpful factor is that one of KFC†s major suppliers, Tyson Foods, has major chicken facilities in Mexico. The political environment has changed with the election of Vicente Fox. KFC†s already strong presence should be expanded aggressively. They should also use this base in Mexico as a means of investing capital to further expand the franchise base throughout South America, in order to negate a first-mover advantage by McDonald†s and Wendy†s. Franchise outlets require less capital than company-owned restaurants, and are thus a quicker way in which to expand. Anther strategic issue facing KFC is the decision to franchise or expand by company-owned restaurants and whether to refranchise. The original strategy of Colonel Sanders and his immediate successors was to franchise and not build company-owned restaurants. This allowed them to grow quicker than they would have if KFC had primarily invested in company-owned restaurants. This strategy continued until the purchase of KFC by PepsiCo. Because of a clash in corporate culture between KFC and PepsiCo, and the presence of a strong franchisee group within KFC, PepsiCo embarked on a strategy of repurchasing weaker franchises and running them. At the time of the spin-off of KFC and the restaurant division into Tricon Restaurant Group in 1994, the percentage of company-owned restaurants was about 40%. After the spin-off, Tricon management began to divest of many of the company-owned outlets. This was the result of a change in attitude on the part of Tricon management. They did not believe in absolute control of all aspects of the local business and were willing to admit that the franchisees knew the local business better than they did. By the year 2000, the number of company-owned outlets had dropped to 27%. As shown in the SWOT analysis below, there are a number of factors in the external environment that KFC should consider when formulating and implementing strategies. Some of the more important aspects are brand name awareness, global market expansion, shrinking resources available to outlets and attacks by activist groups such as PETA. On the positive side, the brand name awareness is a tremendous asset for KFC. The move in 1996 to bring back the bucket was one of the best decisions in its history. Likewise, global market expansion presents an enormous opportunity to KFC to grow. They should build on their existing international base and continue to grow franchises. On the negative side, KFC, along with other fast-food companies, is facing a shrinking of the available potential outlet locations. The proliferation of fast-food outlets in this country has absorbed many of the prime locations. This is another reason to justify continued overseas expansion, where many prime spots remain. Just as potential locations have dwindled, so too has the labor pool. In spite of increased unemployment since 2000, there is still a problem attracting workers in the eighteen to twenty-four year old range. An interesting aspect of the external environment that has negatively impacted KFC has been the virulent attacks on KFC by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and other similar groups. A number of celebrities have joined the campaign against KFC, which is focused on trying to force them to change the process of defeathering chickens. KFC has consistently refused to meet with the animal rights group for years, but because of concerns of losing market share in the inner city, has recently attempted to mediate this dispute through the offices of hip-hop mogul Russell Simmons and the Reverend Al Sharpton. Examining the list of top fifty U.S. fast-food restaurants for those sectors and companies that might be good investments we observe several companies that have a dominant position in their section. McDonald†s has a 35% market share among sandwich chains, Pizza Hut has a 44% share among pizza chains, KFC a 55% share among chicken chains, Golden Corral a 32% share among grill buffet chains and Dunkin† Donuts a 43% share among non-dinner concepts. Each of these companies would seem to be a good investment over the near term because of that dominant position in their sectors. In addition, financial data available for these companies confirm that the reason each is dominant in their sector is because they consistently produce above average financial returns. KFC continues to have a bright outlook for the future. It is well-positioned both domestically and international for continued growth. While it is unlikely ever to overtake McDonald†s, either in the domestic or overseas market, it is dominant in certain countries such as China and Mexico, and should be able to leverage this advantage to fend off other competitors, like Wendy†s and Burger King. Over the next five years look for KFC to have a strong number two position in the industry, particularly if it can address the problems with activist groups. How to cite The Global Fast-Food Industry, Essay examples

Social Work Teenager Deserve

Question: Discuss about The article on Teenagers deserve foster families too, but who will take them on? Answer: The article on Teenagers deserve foster families too, but who will take them on? discusses about the scenario of care provided to the children and young people in UK by the carers of foster families. The article basically evaluates the role and efforts made by fostering families to help the children and young people. The work done by fostering carers involves providing the family life for the children and young people who find it difficult to live with their parents. This service helps in providing temporary care also so that the children or young people as well as the parents can sort out their problems and can come out through the difficult phase of their lives (Tordon 2014). There is an option of returning back to the homes once their issues have been resolved. This is because it is only the parents who can look after them safely. There are certain key points which have been identified from this article. These include the problems related to specifically the placement of teenagers with foster carers with whom they are not able to relate comfortably in terms of their skills and abilities as they themselves are split from their siblings or families. The solution to this problem is not only the recruitment of more foster carers for the teenagers but also the need to develop the required skills and resilience with the help of proper training and support (Green et al. 2014). There is also a need for the development of innovative approaches to foster care as well as the programmes to provide training on increased safety for teenage girls as they are at an increased risk of sexual exploitation. References Green, JM, Biehal, N, Roberts, C, Dixon, J, Kay, C, Parry, E, Rothwell, J, Roby, A, Kapadia, D, Scott, S, Sinclair, I 2014, Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Adolescents in English care: randomised trial and observational cohort evaluation, The British Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 204, no. 3, 214-221. Tordon, R 2014, Improving foster childrens school performance, Adoption Fostering, vol. 38, 361-373.

Cars - Production, Selling, Marketing Essays - Consumer Theory

Cars - Production, Selling, Marketing 1. People looking to trade in their old car for money off of their new car become discouraged with the low trade in value, and decide either not to buy a new car at all or to buy a cheaper model. The lower car sales is a reduction in demand, because the decrease in resale value of used cars is not changing the prices of the new cars, as a change in quantity demanded would suggest, it is changing what people are willing to pay for the cars. A graph of the new demand curve would actually be shifted to the left of the old demand curve, because the price of new cars has not changed, but the number of new cars being sold has changed. 2. Escalating consumer debt, higher interest rates, and slow growth in real income are all making it difficult for consumers to purchase cars. These factors also are not changing the price of cars, and so they are changes in demand, not quantity demanded. In other words, these factors are shifting the entire demand curve to the left. 3. Ford and Toyota are making the price of buying a new car cheaper, hoping that more people will want to purchase new cars. This is an attempt to change the quantity demanded. Ford and Toyota are hoping that their efforts will move them downward on a demand curve, hence more will people buy the less-expensive new cars. An advertising campaign. If Toyota and Ford were to start a new advertising campaign, they would be attempting to change the demand. With a new advertising campaign, the car companies are hoping that the demand curve would shift back to the right and more people would buy the cars they are making at a price that returns their profit to its original level. Answers to Use Your Economic Reasoning on pages 82 & 83 1. The U.S. has already mined most of its high-quality, accessible natural resource deposits. Other countries still have many high-quality, accessible deposits of natural resources. 2. Technology is helping U.S. firms to lower costs, by increasing their productivity while decreasing their human labor force. Using technology, the productivity of each employee within the firm is very high. The pay role for employees is less simply, because there are much fewer employees, but the profits of the company increase, because the productivity increases. 3. Technological advances in the mining industry are not changing the prices of the products, but they are changing the amount of product produced. The coal industry wants to sell more products at the same price, thereby moving the demand curve to the right. This is a change in supply not in quantity supplied. Answers to Use Your Economic Reasoning on pages 92 & 93 1. See Graphs at bottom of next page. As the demand was going up for students with college degrees the supply was not able to keep up. More and more companies were willing and able to pay for college educated people, but there were not enough college graduates to go around. So the companies that got the college graduates were the ones who were willing to pay the most money. These inflated the entire market of incomes for college graduates, because the demand was so much greater than the supply. 2. Now we will find that the supply of college graduates is gradually catching up to the demand for them. Unless the demand for college graduates continues to grow, as I suspect and hope it will, we will reach an equilibrium were the only difference in pay between high school and college graduates will be the cost of going to college. In this case, the amount that people are willing to pay for a college graduate will not be as high because there are a lot more college graduates in the market. The supply will also level out, because high school students will no longer believe that it is to their advantage to go to college, because the incentive is not that great. Answers to 1, 2, & 7 of Problems and Question for Discussion on pages 104 & 105 1. To me a need is something that you literally can not live

101 The Conversation and They Say Professor Ramos Blog

101 The Conversation and They Say The Conversation Quick Write What is the difference between writing in high school and writing in college? The Conversation We have already learned two important concepts: Literacy Writing Process The third concept is the metaphor of the conversation. What we are studying now, has a long history. People have been writing and researching everything you can think of. For example, the conversation on how to speak well goes back a couple thousand years to Aristotle, Plato, and others that came before. How does this relate to writing? Everything you will write about from now on, needs to be based in a conversation. A scholarly one, a scientific one, a popular one. To know what has been said before, you need to read and research. Why does this matter? Burke’s â€Å"Unending Conversation† Metaphor Kenneth Burke writes: Imagine that you enter a parlor. You come late. When you arrive, others have long preceded you, and they are engaged in a heated discussion, a discussion too heated for them to pause and tell you exactly what it is about. In fact, the discussion had already begun long before any of them got there, so that no one present is qualified to retrace for you all the steps that had gone before. You listen for a while, until you decide that you have caught the tenor of the argument; then you put in your oar. Someone answers; you answer him; another comes to your defense; another aligns himself against you, to either the embarrassment or gratification of your opponent, depending upon the quality of your ally’s assistance. However, the discussion is interminable. The hour grows late, you must depart. And you do depart, with the discussion still vigorously in progress. Journals Journals from now on should begin with a summary of the reading. Pick a point or topic to summarize. Chapter 2, which we are reading for next class, explains how to summarize and gives so tips. After reading chapter 2, summarize the reading Cullington, Does Texting Affect Writing? Sample Literacy Narratives Rediscovering Reading Protect Yourself at All Times â€Å"They Say† Chapter 1 argues that good academic writing responds to what others are saying. What â€Å"They Say† is important to include in academic writing and is one way we can include the conversation when we write. The chapter includes templates for introducing standard views, implied or assumed and ongoing debates. Why do you think this is important? Entering the Conversation The introduction to the textbook, page 1, explains that the book relies on templates to help us do the basic moves of writing. The templates are guides that when used help us to structure and generate our own writing. We will talk a lot about approaches to writing and how to think about writing, as well as use the templates provided to help us practice the principles of writing. State your own ideas as a response to others. You are just entering a conversation that has been going on for thousands of years. You are not expected to know everything, but you are expected to begin to understand what others have said before and how to find it. To argue means more than just stating your own position. To argue you need to enter into a conversation with others views. Then you can try to convince others of your position or just to see your position as valid. Where does Carr include the conversation in his article? Nicholas Carr Is Google making us Stupid? Carr argues that the internet affects our cognitive capacities, diminishing out ability to concentrate and to learn. Take two minutes and write something to share with the class. Why does Carr begin with lines from  2001: A Space Odyssey? Literacy Moment You should begin to narrow down the literacy you are interested in writing about. To get us thinking about that literacy, pick a scene related to it from your past experience. It can be in the car with your dad, it can be sitting on your mom’s lap reading a book, etc. Pick one scene and draw it out on a piece of paper. Use the full page, add as much detail as you can remember. Share your drawing with a neighbor. Tell them about the moment and the literacy. What you just shared with your neighbor, write it down. Keep it short, one to two paragraphs. Quick Write In your own words, what is the Conversation? Homework Chapter 2 (â€Å"Her Point Is†: The Art of Summarizing) MICHAELA CULLINGTON â€Å"Does Texting Affect Writing?†Ã‚  p. 462  JOURNAL 2 Bullying is unwanted and aggressive behavior that involves an imbalance of power and is repeated. There are three characteristics to bullying: unwanted and aggressive behavior an imbalance of power and is repeated.101 The Conversation and They Say The Conversation Quick Write What is the difference between writing in high school and writing in college? The Conversation We have already learned two important concepts: Literacy Writing Process The third concept is the metaphor of the conversation. What we are studying now, has a long history. People have been writing and researching everything you can think of. For example, the conversation on how to speak well goes back a couple thousand years to Aristotle, Plato, and others that came before. How does this relate to writing? Everything you will write about from now on, needs to be based in a conversation. A scholarly one, a scientific one, a popular one. To know what has been said before, you need to read and research. Why does this matter? Burke’s â€Å"Unending Conversation† Metaphor Kenneth Burke writes: Imagine that you enter a parlor. You come late. When you arrive, others have long preceded you, and they are engaged in a heated discussion, a discussion too heated for them to pause and tell you exactly what it is about. In fact, the discussion had already begun long before any of them got there, so that no one present is qualified to retrace for you all the steps that had gone before. You listen for a while, until you decide that you have caught the tenor of the argument; then you put in your oar. Someone answers; you answer him; another comes to your defense; another aligns himself against you, to either the embarrassment or gratification of your opponent, depending upon the quality of your ally’s assistance. However, the discussion is interminable. The hour grows late, you must depart. And you do depart, with the discussion still vigorously in progress. Journals Journals from now on should begin with a summary of the reading. Pick a point or topic to summarize. Chapter 2, which we are reading for next week, explains how to summarize and gives some tips. After reading chapter 2, summarize the reading. Sample Literacy Narratives Rediscovering Reading Protect Yourself at All Times â€Å"They Say† Chapter 1 argues that good academic writing responds to what others are saying. What â€Å"They Say† is important to include in academic writing and is one way we can include the conversation when we write. The chapter includes templates for introducing standard views, implied or assumed and ongoing debates. Why do you think this is important? Entering the Conversation The introduction to the textbook, page 1, explains that the book relies on templates to help us do the basic moves of writing. The templates are guides that when used help us to structure and generate our own writing. We will talk a lot about approaches to writing and how to think about writing, as well as use the templates provided to help us practice the principles of writing. State your own ideas as a response to others. You are just entering a conversation that has been going on for thousands of years. You are not expected to know everything, but you are expected to begin to understand what others have said before and how to find it. To argue means more than just stating your own position. To argue you need to enter into a conversation with others views. Then you can try to convince others of your position or just to see your position as valid. Where does Carr include the conversation in his article? Nicholas Carr Is Google making us Stupid? Carr argues that the internet affects our cognitive capacities, diminishing out ability to concentrate and to learn. Take two minutes and write something to share with the class. Why does Carr begin with lines from  2001: A Space Odyssey? Literacy Moment You should begin to narrow down the literacy you are interested in writing about. To get us thinking about that literacy, pick a scene related to it from your past experience. It can be in the car with your dad, it can be sitting on your mom’s lap reading a book, etc. Pick one scene and draw it out on a piece of paper. Use the full page, add as much detail as you can remember. Share your drawing with a neighbor. Tell them about the moment and the literacy. What you just shared with your neighbor, write it down. Keep it short, one to two paragraphs. Quick Write In your own words, what is the Conversation? Bullying is unwanted and aggressive behavior that involves an imbalance of power and is repeated. There are three characteristics to bullying: unwanted and aggressive behavior an imbalance of power and is repeated.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 61

Leadership - Essay Example His replacement of Ryan Graves as CEO was effective, as he has been considered to have a Steve Jobs mentality. Travis has been brash and resolute in overcoming challenges from local and federal regulators as well as established firms in the cab business that has propelled UBER to current success depicting the impact of leadership and management in the success of an organization. Having analysed importance of management in the success of UBER, fall of AERO depicts that lack of a management and leadership that is congruent with the needs of an organization results in its fall. The lack of leadership insight at AERO for changes in consumer needs, lack of innovation to meet consumer preferences and needs, and the inability of management and the leadership to anticipate changes in market conditions led to its fall. The fall of AERO is mainly due to the inability of the management to provide focus and depth in managerial decision-making and direction of the company in a dynamic business environment. Leadership in a company play a critical role in ensuring a company overcomes market challenges and provide a clear goal for the employees and lack of these leadership qualities at AERO resulted in its

International law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International law - Essay Example Article 51 means that such rights are applicable only in the case where military assault is committed by a specific country rather than a fanatic and terrorist group (Al Qaeda) which does not represent any country in particular. The preface of Security Council Resolution 1368 dated twelve September recognizes basic right of an individual or common self-defence or self protection act in agreement with the Charter. But the key functioning part of the Resolution views 9/11 event as terrorist attacks rather than classifying them as armed attacks. Concluding this it can be said that the Resolution does not unambiguously recognize that the basic right of self-protection or defence as a consequence of the 9/11 event. However, as national interests have absolute priority in the United States, it is appropriate here to describe the principles self-defence under international law attributable to the International Law Commission. Humanitarian intervention refers to armed intrusion into a country by another country in order to mitigate the pain, distress, and suffering of its citizens. Although such intervention in international law is very powerful, its concept remains profoundly vague. Intervention embodies an element of prevention as it is the means by which prevention is implemented (Eberwein and Badie, 2010). The main idea of humanitarian intervention is that a country has the right to intervene in matters of conflict in another country and, in some special circumstances, to intervene to protect the victimized people in the other country. These attempts were just a reason to promote but in reality invade other countries to enforce the basic rights of human, these efforts were also supported by League’s mandate system and minorities’ clauses (Moosleitner, 2009). Humanitarian intervention by a powerful country in the internal affairs of another directly challenges its national

Stress: Impact on Health of Hong Kong People

Stress: Impact on Health of Hong Kong People Stress – Main Reason for Decline in Health of Hong Kong People Introduction In the crowded and competitive city, Hong Kong, pressure which appears in all age groups damages health of residents. According to the Department of Health (Public Health Information System, 2015), the main external death cause of Hongkongers were intentional self-harm. The World Health Organization (WHO) identified depressive illness is projected to be the second leading cause of disability worldwide in 2020. The main reason for the decline in health of Hongkongers are stress caused by the onerous educational system, taxing working environment and strict social conformity, but they can be resolved by reforming the educational system, modifying the work policies and implementing public stress management program to improve the health of Hongkonger. The purpose of this report is to present recommendations of stress relief. Analysis To begin with, strain is caused from Hong Kong rigorous educational system which sorts students into institutions ranked hierarchically[A1]. This system compels schools to focus on the academic results and vie against one another in fierce competition (Ho, 2008). There are exorbitant expectation, excessive homework and frequent tests for students. A study found that the first-year tertiary education students in Hong Kong are prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress. The high rates of morbidity and high prevalence of symptoms were alarming (Wong, et al., 2006). In fact, the academic problems, such as disaffection, disruption and underachievement were stressors for not only the students, but also their family members (Service Network on Ethnic Minorities, 2010). In Hong Kong, parents arrange pre-school educations and extracurricular activities insanely for their children as they are extremely anxious about their development. The students with overestimated ability will doubt about their performance in getting others acceptance and agreement. Besides, extreme pressure from this onerous educational system may trigger mental disorder, social withdrawal and even self-destructive behaviors. Education Bureau (EDB) can modify the educational system to relieve the school related stress by promoting well-rounded development and self-regulated learning. The comprehensive educational infrastructure in the United State (US) is established in a stress-free environment (University of Michigan, 2015). EDB can reform the system by referring to the well-rounded teaching method in US which is innovative, for instance, role playing, use of computer games, simulation, experience method and application method (Vallance, et al., 2014). As well as changing the teaching method in school, EDB should modify the education orientation. EDB should fund a wide selection of curricula opportunities while the education should be more value oriented than career or money oriented. Teachers should focus on the imagination and creative ability of students. The main point is reforming the entrance examination of schools. This modification of educational system can discover creative personnel and deceas e the burden on students. It makes the teaching more enjoyable (Patankar Jadhav, 2012). It motivates and stimulates students to develop happy normal lives as they can have their own goal. Thus, the school related stress, can be relieved. However, it takes time to change the operating mode of schools. EDB needs to collaborate with schools and provide a definite instruction so as to change the teaching method and selection system progressively. Another argument is that the decline in health of Hongkongers arise when there is pressure from placing a strain in workplace. Work related pressure occurs where workers perceive they cannot subject or cope with the demands within the workplace. Overloaded work, long working time and nebulous career prospect inducing excessive or uncontrolled pressure disquiets Hongkongers. The Hong Kong worker stress level was at 55%. The value was ranked third in the world and higher than the global average (Sarti, 2012). Work strains go home with the worker while home strains come to work with the worker (Perth College, 2014). As the ability of workers were overestimated in tight workplace, which brings terrible consequence such as fatigue, muscle wastage, adult-onset diabetes and adverse lifestyle, it would disturb their ability to perform to expectation (OvercomeBullying.org, 2015). It is time for the Legislative Council to formulate a work policies and legislation modification by referring to the cross-college Stress Management Policy and legislation in United Kingdom (UK) as a response to the decline in health of Hongkongers. The value of stress level of workers in UK was lower than the global average. Legislative Council can formulate this policy in Hong Kong in order to mitigate the occurrence of related potential harm from work. Under this policy, manager, supervisor and staff will be assigned responsibilities. The basic responsibility for managers are ensuring staffs are fully trained to discharge their duties. They should not only provide equivalent developmental opportunities for each staff, but also monitor workloads, working hours and overtime so as to ensure staffs are not overloaded or overworking. Supervisors are accountable for conduct Wellbeing and Staff Surveys to identify stressors in the workplace and ensure managers take appropriate actions to address the issues. Additionally, human resources staffs are in charge of conducting and implementing recommendations of risks assessments within their area of responsibility (Perth College, 2014). Along with acknowledging the responsibilities and ways to protect the mental wellbeing of themselves or their subordinate, work related pressure can be identified and managed by managers. Employee can seek assistance and support from their representative as early as possible as the policy requirement too. Therefore, the strain in workplace can be eliminated by protecting the autonomy and remuneration of all employees.On the other hand, as this legislation is related to settled responsibility of different stakeholders, it may cause dissension between each other easily. So, Legislative Council must hold a public advisory with promotion before the formulation. From a social point of view, Hongkongers are accustomed to blind conformity which brings an exhausting lifestyle. It is well-known that Hong Kong is a fast paced city where workers all have busy work, school, social life and other commitments. They pursue to be efficient in any time. However, this conformity damages health progressively. For example, overeating fast food causes obesity, overusing internet brings visual impairment and staying up late with harm to mental well-being. Some residents claimed that the main reason for the decline in health of Hongkongers are the insalubrious lifestyle, smoking. It is because cigarette smoking is the major cause of lung cancer (Public Health Information System, 2015). Although smoking is a lifestyle, it is a herd behavior. Hongkongers tend to follow the actions or beliefs of others. Under the social pressure, anyone who pursue to achieve social goals and have an intangible competition damage their health eventually. Hospital Authority (HA) should focus on seeking collaboration with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in order to relieve pressure of Hongkongers by implementing public stress management program. Government health sector plays a leading role. HA is already leveraged on available capacity and capability in the private sector through public private partnership (PPP) for managing demands (Cheung, 2015). If HA focuses on community-based activities and prevention concurrently, it will arguably better place to approach and win the trust of local communities. Moreover, NGOs can make a close affinity with community by collaborating with other advocacy groups (Thara Patel, 2010). Afterward, the seriousness of stress can spread widely by promotion and education which increase the awareness of the early signs of this treatable depressive disorder. Through the combined efforts from both the public and private sectors, this collaboration leads to an overall improvement in healthcare service qu ality. It alerts residents to have self-management of stress while early diagnosis and prevention benefit in further control of the health status. Nevertheless, a key problem in NGOs is the source of their funding which rise required to augment resources. To tackle this problem, Labour and Welfare Bureau can establish a fund for providing assistance to organization. It encourages the organization to strengthen the related activities by solving their economic burden. Conclusion This report describes stress is the main causes of the decline in health of Hongkongers. It reminds people about the fact that an anxious status is in hazard. A process of collaboration and communication across public and private domains that focuses on common goals can relieve stress of Hongkongers comprehensively. Education Bureau, Legislative Council and Hospital Authority should be the leaders in creating a new stress-free educational system, working condition and social ethos. Take it as a mutual responsibility to further partnership activities and monitor impact on the health of the public.

Part Five Chapter I

Privilege 7.32 A person who has made a defamatory statement may claim privilege for it if he can show that he made it without malice and in pursuit of a public duty. Charles Arnold-Baker Local Council Administration, Seventh Edition I Terri Weedon was used to people leaving her. The first and greatest departure had been her mother's, who had never said goodbye, but had simply walked out one day with a suitcase while Terri was at school. There had been lots of social workers and care workers after she ran away at fourteen, and some of them had been nice enough, but they all left at the end of the working day. Every fresh departure added a fine new layer to the crust building over her core. She had had friends in care, but at sixteen they were all on their own, and life had scattered them. She met Ritchie Adams, and she bore him two children. Tiny little pink things, pure and beautiful like nothing in the whole world: and they had come out of her, and for shining hours in the hospital, twice, it had been like her own rebirth. And then they took the children from her, and she never saw them again, either. Banger had left her. Nana Cath had left her. Nearly everybody went, hardly anyone stayed. She ought to be used to it by now. When Mattie, her regular social worker, reappeared, Terri demanded, ‘Where's the other one?' ‘Kay? She was only covering for me while I was ill,' said Mattie. ‘So, where's Liam? No †¦ I mean Robbie, don't I?' Terri did not like Mattie. For one thing, she did not have kids, and how could people who didn't have kids tell you how to raise them, how could they understand? She had not liked Kay, exactly, either †¦ except that Kay gave you a funny feeling, the same feeling that Nana Cath had once given Terri, before she had called her a whore and told her she never wanted to see her again †¦ you felt, with Kay – even though she carried folders, like the rest of them, even though she had instituted the case review – you felt that she wanted things to go right for you, and not only for the forms. You really did feel that. But she was gone, and she probably don't even think about us now, thought Terri furiously. On Friday afternoon, Mattie told Terri that Bellchapel would almost certainly close. ‘It's political,' she said briskly. ‘They want to save money, but methadone treatment's unpopular with the District Council. Plus, Pagford wants them out of the building. It was all in the local paper, maybe you saw it?' Sometimes she spoke to Terri like that, veering into a kind of after-all-we're-in-this-together small-talk that jarred, because it sat alongside enquiries as to whether Terri was remembering to feed her son. But this time it was what she said, rather than how she said it, that upset Terri. ‘They're closin' it?' she repeated. ‘It looks that way,' said Mattie breezily, ‘but it won't make any difference to you. Well, obviously †¦' Three times Terri had embarked upon the programme at Bellchapel. The dusty interior of the converted church with its partition walls and its flyers, the bathroom with its neon-blue light (so you could not find veins and shoot up in there), had become familiar and almost friendly. Lately, she had begun to sense in the workers there a change in the way they spoke to her. They had all expected her to fail again, in the beginning, but they had started talking to her the way Kay had talked: as if they knew a real person lived inside her pockmarked, burned body. ‘ †¦ obviously, it will be different, but you can get your methadone from your GP instead,' said Mattie. She flipped over pages in the distended file that was the state's record of Terri's life. ‘You're registered with Dr Jawanda in Pagford, right? Pagford †¦ why are you going all the way out there?' ‘I smacked a nurse at Cantermill,' said Terri, almost absent-mindedly. After Mattie had left, Terri sat for a long time in her filthy chair in the sitting room, gnawing at her nails until they bled. The moment Krystal came home, bringing Robbie back from nursery, she told her that they were closing Bellchapel. ‘They ain't decided yet,' said Krystal with authority. ‘The fuck do you know?' demanded Terri. ‘They're closin' it, and now they say I've gotta go to fuckin' Pagford to that bitch that killed Nana Cath. Well, I fuckin' ain't.' ‘You gotta,' said Krystal. Krystal had been like this for days; bossing her mother, acting as though she, Krystal, was the grown-up. ‘I ain' gotta do fuckin' anythin',' said Terri furiously. ‘Cheeky little bitch,' she added, for good measure. ‘If you start fuckin' usin' again,' said Krystal, scarlet in the face, ‘they'll take Robbie away.' He was still holding Krystal's hand, and burst into tears. ‘See?' both women shouted at each other. ‘You're fuckin' doin' it to him!' shouted Krystal. ‘An' anyway, that doctor didn' do nuthin' to Nana Cath, that's all jus' Cheryl an' them talking shit!' ‘Fuckin' little know-it-all, ain't yeh?' yelled Terri. ‘You know fuck-all – ‘ Krystal spat at her. ‘Get the fuck out!' screamed Terri, and because Krystal was bigger and heavier she seized a shoe lying on the floor and brandished it. ‘Gerrout!' ‘I fuckin' will!' yelled Krystal. ‘An' I'll take Robbie an' all, an' you can stay here an' fuckin' screw Obbo an' make another one!' She dragged the wailing Robbie out with her before Terri could stop her. Krystal marched him all the way to her usual refuge, forgetting that at this time in the afternoon, Nikki would still be hanging around outside somewhere, not at home. It was Nikki's mum who opened the door, in her Asda uniform. ‘He ain' stayin' ‘ere,' she told Krystal firmly, while Robbie whined and tried to pull his hand from Krystal's tight grip. ‘Where's your mum?' ‘Home,' said Krystal, and everything else she wanted to say evaporated in the older woman's stern gaze. So she returned to Foley Road with Robbie, where Terri, bitterly triumphant, grabbed her son's arm, pulled him inside and blocked Krystal from entering. †Ad enough of him already, ‘ave yeh?' Terri jeered, over Robbie's wails. ‘Fuck off.' And she slammed the door. Terri had Robbie sleep beside her on her own mattress that night. She lay awake and thought about how little she needed Krystal, and ached for her as badly as she had ever craved smack. Krystal had been angry for days. The thing that Krystal had said about Obbo †¦ (‘She said what?' he had laughed, incredulously, when they had met in the street, and Terri had muttered something about Krystal being upset.) †¦ he wouldn't have done it. He couldn't have. Obbo was one of the few people who had hung around. Terri had known him since she was fifteen. They had gone to school together, hung out in Yarvil while she was in care, swigged cider together beneath the trees on the footpath that cut its way through the small patch of remaining farmland beside the Fields. They had shared their first joint. Krystal had never liked him. Jealous, thought Terri, watching Robbie sleep in the street light pouring through the thin curtains. Just jealous. He's done more for me than anyone, thought Terri defiantly, because when she tallied kindnesses she subtracted abandonment. Thus all of Nana Cath's care had been annihilated by her rejection. But Obbo had hidden her, once, from Ritchie, the father of her first two children, when she had fled the house barefoot and bleeding. Sometimes he gave her free bags of smack. She saw them as equivalent kindnesses. His refuges were more reliable than the little house in Hope Street that she had once, for three glorious days, thought was home. Krystal did not return on Saturday morning, but that was nothing new; Terri knew she must be at Nikki's. In a rage, because they were low on food, and she was out of cigarettes, and Robbie was whining for his sister, she stormed into her daughter's room and kicked her clothes around, searching for money or the odd, overlooked fag. Something clattered as she threw aside Krystal's crumpled old rowing kit, and she saw the little plastic jewellery box, upended, with the rowing medal that Krystal had won, and Tessa Wall's watch lying beneath it. Terri picked up the watch and stared at it. She had never seen it before. She wondered where Krystal had got it. Her first assumption was that Krystal had stolen it, but then she wondered whether she might have been given it by Nana Cath, or even left it in Nana Cath's will. That was a much more troubling thought than the idea of the watch being stolen. The idea of the sneaky little bitch hiding it away, treasuring it, never mentioning it †¦ Terri put the watch inside the pocket of her tracksuit bottoms and bellowed for Robbie to come with her to the shops. It took ages to get him into his shoes, and Terri lost her temper and slapped him. She wished she could go to the shop alone, but the social workers did not like you leaving kids behind in the house, even though you could get things done much quicker without them. ‘Where's Krystal?' wailed Robbie, as she manhandled him out of the door. ‘I wan' Krystal!' ‘I dunno where the little tart is,' snapped Terri, dragging him along the road. Obbo was on the corner beside the supermarket, talking to two men. When he saw her he raised a hand in greeting, and his two companions walked away. †Ow's Ter?' he said. ‘N'bad,' she lied. ‘Robbie, leggo.' He was digging his fingers so tightly into her thin leg that it hurt. ‘Listen,' said Obbo, ‘couldja keep a bit more stuff for me fer a bit?' ‘Kinda stuff?' asked Terri, prising Robbie off her leg and holding his hand instead. ‘Coupla bags o' stuff,' said Obbo. ‘Really help me out, Ter.' †Ow long for?' ‘Few days. Bring it round this evenin'. Will yeh?' Terri thought of Krystal, and what she would say if she knew. ‘Yeah, go on then,' said Terri. She remembered something else, and pulled Tessa's watch out of her pocket. ‘Gonna sell this, whaddaya reckon?' ‘Not bad,' said Obbo, weighing it in his hand. ‘I'll give yeh twenty for it. Bring it over tonight?' Terri had thought the watch might be worth more, but she did not like to challenge him. ‘Yeah, all righ' then.' She took a few steps towards the supermarket entrance, hand in hand with Robbie, but then turned abruptly. ‘I ain' usin' though,' she said. ‘So don' bring †¦' ‘Still on the mixture?' he said, grinning at her through his thick glasses. ‘Bellchapel's done for, mind. All in the paper.' ‘Yeah,' she said miserably, and she tugged Robbie towards the entrance of the supermarket. ‘I know.' I ain't going to Pagford, she thought, as she picked biscuits off the shelf. I ain't going there. She was almost inured to constant criticism and assessment, to the sideways glance of passers-by, to abuse from the neighbours, but she was not going to go all the way to that smug little town to get double helpings; to travel back in time, once a week, to the place where Nana Cath had said she would keep her, but let her go. She would have to pass that pretty little school that had sent horrible letters home about Krystal, saying that her clothes were too small and too dirty, that her behaviour was unacceptable. She was afraid of long-forgotten relatives emerging from Hope Street, as they squabbled over Nana Cath's house, and of what Cheryl would say, if she knew that Terri had entered into voluntary dealings with the Paki bitch who had killed Nana Cath. Another mark against her, in the family that despised her. ‘They ain't making me go to fuckin' Pagford,' Terri muttered aloud, pulling Robbie towards the checkout.

Francis Bacon

Francis Bacon's Essay of Love Sir Francis Bacon was a famous English essayist, lawyer, philosopher and statesman who had a major influence on the philosophy of science. In his time Bacon wrote sixty different essays. He devoted himself to writing and scientific work. His experiences make him an expert on the topic of love. Francis Bacon's essay Of Love is an essay about love. The purpose of the essay is to explain love and the affects It has on all kinds of people.The essay Informs the redder that no matter what type of person you are love will have an effect on you, There Is no escaping It. Bacon states, â€Å"For there was never proud man thought so absurdly well of himself, as the lover doth of the person loved; and theretore it was well said, that it is impossible to love, and to be wise. † The translation of this statement is that love makes us do crazy things. Bacon's intended audience to his essay is everyone who has been in love or contemplated about being in love. No one type of audience is excluded from this essay because love affects everyone.The author assumes that we all know what love is but he wants us to understand that love, whether contemplated by persons with strong characters r weak characters, love has the power to affect both, The example 3acon uses Is Marcus Antonius who Is described as voluptuous and Inordinate, meamng given to excess. He also uses the example of Appius Claudius who Is described as austere and wise These two men are very different in character, but that does not matter. Love is going to affect them in one way or another.Bacon states, â€Å"Love can find entrance, not only into an open heart, but also into a heart well fortified, if watch be not well kept. † Bacon's point of view is directly stated in the essay. It says, â€Å"By how much the more, en ought to beware of this passion, which loseth not only other things, but itself! † What Bacon is trying to say is that mankind needs to be aware of the powers of love. The key problem that Bacon addresses Is that people may think that because they possess certain characterlstlcs that love cannot affect them or they think they have some sort of control over It.Bacon wants his readers to understand that love Is does not respect character. No matter who you are or who you think you are love will affect you one way or another throughout your lifetime. The thesis of the essay is stated learly in the first sentence of the first paragraph. Bacon states, â€Å"You may observe, that amongst all the great and worthy persons (whereof the memory remaineth, either ancient of recent) there is not one, that hath been transported to the mad degree of love: which shows that great spirits, and great business, do keep out this weak passion. One key passage In the essay states. â€Å"This passion hath his floods, In very times of weakness: which are great prosperity, and great adversity; though this latter hath been less observed: both which times k indle love, and make It more ervent, and therefore show it to be the child ot folly. Bacon tries to explain here that love affects whether in good or bad times. Bacon also wants his reader to understand to keep love in its place instead of letting it rule other aspects of life.The essay's example of this is the key passage, â€Å"They do best, who if thy cannot but admit love, of life; for if it check once with business, it troubleth men's fortunes, and maketh men, that they can no ways be true to their own ends. † There was no point in this essay that I could predict its organization. The organization is confusing because of he difficulty of the language. Bacon's essay is written in the form of one big paragraph, so there are no signals to new sections of the essay. Bacon speaks on the same topic throughout the entire essay.He uses descriptions of other people's experiences as evidence as well as to support the thesis. Bacon's tone in the essay is preachy. It is like that of a sermon because he uses examples for you to follow. If you cannot control your love or passions then keep love in its place. Dont let your love effect or control the aspects of life that it doesnt need to effect. The sentences and the vocabulary are very difficult. Words like, austere and reciproque are used. These are obviously not everyday used words.Understanding the vocabulary makes understanding the entire essay easy. The key word that is recurred throughout the entire essay is the word love. Before the essay even begins a side note that Bacon has is, â€Å"The stage is more beholding to love, that the life of man. For as to the stage, love is ever matter of comedies, and now and then of tragedies; but in life it doth much mischief; sometimes like a siren, sometimes like fury. Here, Bacon is trying to get across that love goes through many different stages in life.Bacon states in the last sentence of the essay, â€Å"Nuptial love maketh mankind; friendly love perfecteth it; but wanton love corrupteth, and embaseth it. † Here Bacon is trying to get across to his reader's that the love between a man and a woman make mankind, the love of friends perfects mankind, but immoral and cruel love corrupt mankind. In 1 Corinthians 13:4-8 and13 of the Bible states, â€Å"Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs.Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always hopes, always perseveres. Love never fails. And now these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love. † And because love is all these things Bacon wants his readers to understand there is no escaping love. Love is all around us, no matter who you are love, affects us all. After reading this essay my opinion is the same as Bacon's. I do believe there is no escaping love. It asnt until researching Bacon a little bi t that I found that my interpretation of this essay was wrong.Bacon preferred masculine friendship to heterosexual love, he states â€Å"although nuptial love maketh mankind, friendly love perfecteth it. † His essay on heterosexual love is a critique of the â€Å"weak passion. † He is speaking of love between men when he says â€Å"a crowd is not company and faces are but a gallery of pictures, and talk but a tinkling cymbal, where there is no love,† and â€Å"If a man have not a friend, he may quit the stage. † This comes from his essay â€Å"Of Friendship. â€Å" Francis Bacon Francis Bacon’s Philosophy of Science In 1620, Francis Bacon; the philosopher and creator of Empiricism made a great contribution in defining the course of modern science by a breakthrough in process of scientific reasoning and method. Bacon did not propose an actual philosophy of science rather a method of developing philosophy. He demanded science based on induction. While being the first in the philosophy of science, Bacon discovered that Aristotle methods taught scientists nothing about the universe.The contributions Bacon made to the philosophy of science impacted the involvement of psychology today. Bacon was greatly influenced by the Renaissance period and made an impact in the modern era of knowledge (Ochulor, 2011). Francis Bacon believed that empiricists gathered important information, but had little idea on how to use their knowledge. Bacon made many contributions to the history of the philosophy of science, but the biggest was the idea of experimental science. He b elieved research could be used to test real world observations. According to Bacon, science should include no theories, no hypotheses, no mathematics, and no deductions but should involve only the facts of observation† (Esper, 1964). Bacon had little trust in rationalism due to its emphasis on words, and he distrusted mathematics because of its emphasis on symbols. He trusted only the direct observation and recording of nature. With Bacon being a radical empiricist, he stated the ultimate authority in science was to be empirical observation. Positivism was later the name of Bacon’s approach to science.Bacon advocated the theory of dual truth; truth of reason and truth of revelation. Bacon referred reason to revelation as the source of philosophical and scientific reasoning which can lead one to believe him as a rationalist but more of an empiricist. â€Å"For Francis Bacon, it is only through the concept of experimentation and observation that one can arrive at true kn owledge† (Ochulor, 2011). The idea of the inductive method was brought into modern science and philosophy and believed it was the surest way to knowledge. Francis Bacon had many contributions to modern science, but he had many weaknesses to follow.The major weakness Francis Bacon had was the lack of hypothesis. Throughout history one knows in order to prove something in science is to have a hypothesis. Bacon suggested, â€Å"One may look at facts and the hypothesis would suggest itself† (Ochulor, 2011). Although Francis Bacon’s life was not without controversy, he remained a leading thinker in philosophy and was well versed in the field of scientific methodology. Bacon as well as other Empiricists believed that the mind was a blank slate and that all knowledge and ideas developed though the senses and through experiences.Francis Bacon used the idea of inductive reasoning to develop the idea that science prospers through observation and experience. This included t he study of the mind. The study of science and the study of the mind came about through Francis Bacon’s efforts as well as others that influence Psychology today. References Esper, E. A. (1964). A history of psychology. Philadelphia: Saunders. Ochulor, C. , & Metuonu, I. (2011). Francis Bacon's Qualification as the Father of Modern Philosophy. Canadian Social Science, 7(6), 258-263. doi:10. 3968/j. css. 1923669720110706. 207 Francis Bacon Francis Bacon’s Philosophy of Science In 1620, Francis Bacon; the philosopher and creator of Empiricism made a great contribution in defining the course of modern science by a breakthrough in process of scientific reasoning and method. Bacon did not propose an actual philosophy of science rather a method of developing philosophy. He demanded science based on induction. While being the first in the philosophy of science, Bacon discovered that Aristotle methods taught scientists nothing about the universe.The contributions Bacon made to the philosophy of science impacted the involvement of psychology today. Bacon was greatly influenced by the Renaissance period and made an impact in the modern era of knowledge (Ochulor, 2011). Francis Bacon believed that empiricists gathered important information, but had little idea on how to use their knowledge. Bacon made many contributions to the history of the philosophy of science, but the biggest was the idea of experimental science. He b elieved research could be used to test real world observations. According to Bacon, science should include no theories, no hypotheses, no mathematics, and no deductions but should involve only the facts of observation† (Esper, 1964). Bacon had little trust in rationalism due to its emphasis on words, and he distrusted mathematics because of its emphasis on symbols. He trusted only the direct observation and recording of nature. With Bacon being a radical empiricist, he stated the ultimate authority in science was to be empirical observation. Positivism was later the name of Bacon’s approach to science.Bacon advocated the theory of dual truth; truth of reason and truth of revelation. Bacon referred reason to revelation as the source of philosophical and scientific reasoning which can lead one to believe him as a rationalist but more of an empiricist. â€Å"For Francis Bacon, it is only through the concept of experimentation and observation that one can arrive at true kn owledge† (Ochulor, 2011). The idea of the inductive method was brought into modern science and philosophy and believed it was the surest way to knowledge. Francis Bacon had many contributions to modern science, but he had many weaknesses to follow.The major weakness Francis Bacon had was the lack of hypothesis. Throughout history one knows in order to prove something in science is to have a hypothesis. Bacon suggested, â€Å"One may look at facts and the hypothesis would suggest itself† (Ochulor, 2011). Although Francis Bacon’s life was not without controversy, he remained a leading thinker in philosophy and was well versed in the field of scientific methodology. Bacon as well as other Empiricists believed that the mind was a blank slate and that all knowledge and ideas developed though the senses and through experiences.Francis Bacon used the idea of inductive reasoning to develop the idea that science prospers through observation and experience. This included t he study of the mind. The study of science and the study of the mind came about through Francis Bacon’s efforts as well as others that influence Psychology today. References Esper, E. A. (1964). A history of psychology. Philadelphia: Saunders. Ochulor, C. , & Metuonu, I. (2011). Francis Bacon's Qualification as the Father of Modern Philosophy. Canadian Social Science, 7(6), 258-263. doi:10. 3968/j. css. 1923669720110706. 207

Does Religion Imply Morality - 1321 Words

Does religion imply morality? Not exactly, according to research. Contrary to popular belief, non-religious persons are not evil and do have morals. In fact research shows that people associated with no religion may be more moral than those who are religious. Furthermore, the irreligious do good deeds for the sake of being a good person, while religious people tend to do it for recognition or because someone or something tells them to. The origin, the truth, and the perpetuation of this stereotype are all important in understanding why this stereotype still continues in our modern society today and why it should be eradicated. The birth of this myth came with of course, the start of religion. Professor and author Frans De Waal states, â€Å"Human morality is older than religion†¦ Our current religions are just two or the thousand years old, which is very young and our species is much older, and I cannot imagine†¦ our ancestors did not have some type of morality† (Morality without Religion, â€Å"Big Think†). He then goes on to say that as time went on and the population grew larger that our ancestors probably installed these religions to keep everyone in check when they could not. And with this outbreak of religion came new standards and rules that everyone was expected to follow and punishment for anyone who did not. Most religions look down upon those who do not believe, or even believe in a different religion. 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